HELPS  TO  THE  INTELLIGENT  S 
OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY 


LATIN. 


UC-NRLF 


HARRINGTON. 


P  A 

6003 

H3 

1888 

MAIN 


r^T^W^^M-^^^^^^^^^,W^^^^ 
LIBRARY 

OF   THE  ,  ' 

UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA.  I 

GIFT  OF 

GEORGE  MOREY  RICHARDSON. 

Received,  ^August,  1898. 
Accession  No.  7$fe U,Q      Class  No.  J 


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^aMi?»ii^ii?fliy^i^i^ii?»iii^iirpi^ir*iiii«ii^i^^ 


HELPS  TO  THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

OF  COLLEGE   PREPARATORY 

LATIN. 


BY 

KARL  P.  HARRINGTON,  M.A. 


BOSTON: 

GINN  &  COMPANY,   PUBLISHERS. 
1888. 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1888,  by 

GINN  &  COMPANY, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington. 

7  3  6,  *+0 


TYPOGRAPHY  BY  J.  S.  GUSHING  &  Co.,  BOSTON. 
PRESSWORK  BY  GINN  &  COMPANY. 


}      !          J 


PREFATORY  NOTE. 


THIS  little  manual  needs  but  a  brief  explanation  of  its  appearance. 
Who  was  Caesar  ?  Who  were  the  Gauls  ?  Why  did  Caesar  subdue 
them?  What  kind  of  a  soldier  was  he?  How  did  Vergil  look> 
WThat  sort  of  a  man  was  he?  What  kind  of  hexameter  did  he 
write?  What  did  Cicero  make  all  this  fuss  about?  Who  was  this 
man,  Catiline?  was  he  as  bad  as  Cicero  makes  him  out?  How  may 
Cicero's  literary  style  be  described? 

To  many  a  student  in  our  preparatory  schools  such  questions  as 
the  foregoing  are  unanswered  conundrums  till  long  after  he  has  left 
the  school  and  entered  the  college.  These  pages  are  designed  to 
tell  him,  as  well  as  his  teacher,  where  to  find  the  answers  in  the 
briefest  possible  time.  It  is  not  meant  to  belong  to  the  teacher 
only.  Put  a  copy  in  the  hands  of  every  student ;  give  five  minutes 
in  each  recitation  to  the  discussion  of  some  point  which  he  has 
been  required  to  look  up  with  the  help  of  the  references  given ; 
encourage  individual  research;  and  the  student  will  understand, 
and  enjoy  Caesar,  Cicero,  and  Vergil. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  furnish  an  exhaustive  list  of 
authorities,  but  rather  those  most  available  and  useful.  Those 
portions  of  the  three  authors  mentioned  above  which  are  commonly 
read  in  most  fitting  schools  are  the  basis  of  the  references.  To 
cover  the  whole  ground  of  every  course  of  study  is  manifestly 
impracticable.  When  pages  are  given,  the  number  refers  to  the 
page  on  which  the  passage  begins.  As  a  rule,  the  edition  referred 
to  in  these  pages  is  mentioned  only  the  first  time  the  work  is 
named. 

MIDDLE-TOWN,  CONN., 
July  4,  1887. 


SOME   GENERAL  HISTORIES  OF  ROME 

BEARING  UPON  THE  TIMES  OF  THESE  AUTHORS  ARE 
THE  FOLLOWING:  — 

ARNOLD,  History  of  the  Later  Roman  Commonwealth.  Appleton 
&  Co.,  1846. 

CREIGHTON,  Primer  History  of  Rome.    Appleton  &  Co. 

DRUMANN,  History  of  Rome.     (German  ed.)     Konigsberg,  1834. 

DURUY,  History  of  Rome.  Paris,  1878.  An  elegant  and  popular 
work,  of  great  value  to  those  who  use  French  readily. 

FERGUSON,  History  of  the  Roman  Republic.     Philadelphia,  1805. 

HOOKE,  History  of  Rome.     London,  1821.     6  vols. 

KEIGHTLEY,  History  of  Rome.     Boston,  1839. 

LEIGHTON,  History  of  Rome.     Clark  &  Maynard. 

LIDDELL,  History  of  Rome.     London,  1855. 

LONG,  Civil  Wars  of  Rome.     London,  1844. 

LONG,  Decline  of  the  Roman  Republic.  London.  5  vols.  A 
huge  collection  of  facts,  and  the  results  of  extended  research. 

MERIVALE,  History  of  the  Romans  under  the  Empire.  Appleton 
&Co. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome.  4  vols.  Scribners.  Probably  the 
most  valuable  Roman  History. 

NIEBUHR,  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Rome.  London,  Lockwood 
&  Co.,  1873. 

STOLL,  History  of  Rome  up  to  the  Fall  of  the  Republic.  2  vols. 
Hanover,  1879.  A  popular  German  work. 

VERTOT  (translated  by  J.  Ozell),  History  of  the  Revolutions  of 
the  Roman  Republic  to  31  B.C.  2  vols.  London. 

WAGNER,  Rom,  Anfang,  Fortgang,  Ausbreitung,  und  Verfall  des 
Weltreiches  der  Rb'mer.  2  vols.  Leipzig,  1882  (3d  ed.). 

See  also  valuable  lists  for  reference  in  Methods  of  Teaching  and 
Studying  History.  Boston,  Ginn  &  Co.  Also  Boeckh's  Encyclo- 
padie,  etc.,  p.  356. 


6  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

AMONG  OTHER  VALUABLE  GENERAL  HELPS  ARE  THE 
FOLLOWING  :  — 

Bibliotheca  Script  or  um  Classicorum,  by  Dr.  E.  Preuss.  Wilhelm 
Engelmann,  Leipzig,  1882  (8th  ed.).  A  bibliography  of  all  editions 
of  the  classics,  and  works  bearing  on  them. 

Bibliographical  Clue  to  Latin  Literature,  edited  (after  HUbner)  by 
J.  E.  B.  Mayor.  Macmillan  &  Co. 

For  the  Bibliography  of  works  on  Roman  literature,  see  Boeckh's 
Encyclopedic  und  Methodologie  der  Philologischen  Wissenschaften. 
2d  ed.  By  Rudolf  Klussmann.  Teubner,  Leipzig,  1886. 

TeuffePs  Roman  Literature  is  the  best  collection  of  facts.  Leipzig, 
Teubner,  1882.  (The  older  English  translation  is  the  one  referred 
to  in  this  book  when  the  page  is  given,  but  is  much  inferior  to  the 
later  German  edition.) 

HUbner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische  Littera- 
turgeschichte  (Berlin,  Weidmann,  1878)  is  also  very  useful  for  ref- 
erence. Among  the  periodicals  that  keep  pace  with  the  latest 
bibliography  of  the  subject  may  be  mentioned  the  quarterly  supple- 
ment to  Fleckeisen's  "  Jahrbuch  "  ;  and  the  "  Bibliotheca  Philologica 
Classica"  which  appears  as  a  supplement  to  the  " Jahresbericht," 
etc.,  published  by  S.  Calvary  &  Co.,  Berlin. 

The  Handbuch  der  Klassischen  Altertumswissenschaft,  edited  by 
Dr.  Iwan  Mliller,  now  in  process  of  publication  (begun  in  1885), 
contains  the  most  recent  bibliography  on  all  subjects  pertaining  to 
classical  studies.  (Nordlingen,  C.  H.  Beck.) 

W.  Smith's  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Antiquities  (i  vol.), 
Dictionary  of  Classical  Geography  (2  vols.),  and  Dictionary  of 
Greek  and  Roman  Biography  and  Mythology  (3  vols.).  London. 

Pauly's  Real-Encyclopadie  der  classischen  Altertumswissenschaft. 
6  vols.  Stuttgart,  Metzler,  1839. 

Illustrations  of  the  Topography  of  Ancient  Rome.  Christoph 
Ziegler,  Stuttgart. 

History  of  Ancient  Manuscripts,  by  William  Forsyth.  London, 
John  Murray. 

Seemann's  Mythology.  Leipzig,  3d  ed.,  1885  (accessible  also  in 
an  English  translation,  but  with  poorer  cuts). 

Gow's  Short  Prefaces  to  School  Classics.     Macmillan  &  Co. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN. 


CHRONOLOGICAL  EPITOME   OF   CAESAR'S  LIFE. 


B.C. 

100.   Caius  Julius  Caesar,  son  of  Caius  Julius  and  Aurelia,  nephew 

of  Marius,  born  July  12.     (But  see  Mommsen's  History  of 

Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  27,  note.) 

86.   Made  Flamen  Dialis,  or  Priest  of  Jupiter,  by  Marius. 
84.    His  father  died  at  Pisa. 
83.   Married  Cornelia,  daughter  of  Cinna. 
82.    His   daughter  Julia  born.      Refuses   to   divorce   his  wife   at 

Sulla's  order. 

81-78.    Served  his  first  campaigns  under  various  generals  in  Asia. 
77.   Accused  Cn.  Dolabella  of  extortion. 
76.   Accused  C.  Antonius  of  extortion.     Captured  by  pirates  at 

Pharmacusa.     Studied  with  Apollonius  at  Rhodes. 
74.    In  Asia,  fighting  on  his  own  responsibility.     Elected  Pontiff. 

Elected  Military  Tribune. 

74-68.   At  Rome,  gaming  money  and  popularity. 
68.    Quaestor,  partly  at  Rome,  partly  in  Spain. 
67.   Married  Pompeia.     Elected  one  of  the  Superintendents  of  the 

Appian  Way. 

66.   Helped  support  the  Manilian  Law. 
65.    Curule  ^Edile. 

64.   Appointed  Judex  Qucestionis  in  murder  trials. 
63.    Elected  Pontifex  Maximus. 
62.    Praetor.     Divorced  Pompeia. 
61.    Propraetor  of  Further  Spain. 
60.   Gave  up  the  triumph  which  he  claimed,  in  order  to  stand  for 

the  consulship.     Formed  the  coalition,  known  as  the  First 

Triumvirate,  with  Pompey  and  M.  Crassus. 
59.   Consul,  with  Bibulus  as  his  colleague.     Carried  an  Agrarian 

Law  and   other  measures  in  spite  of  his   colleague.     The 

people  vote  him  the  provinces  of  Cisalpine  Gaul  and  Illyri- 

cum,  with  three  legions,  for  five  years.     The  Senate  adds  to 

his  provinces  Transalpine  Gaul,  with  another  legion,  for  the 

same  period.     Married  Calpurnia. 


8  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

58.  First  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Defeats  the  Helvetians;  also  the 
Germans  under  Ariovistus. 

57.  Second  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Conquers  the  northern  part  of 
Gaul,  including  the  Nervii,  Aduatuci,  etc. 

56.  Third  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Conquers  Northwestern  Gaul,  in- 
cluding the  Veneti,  Unelli,  etc. 

55.  Caesar's  provinces  voted  him  for  five  years  longer.  Fourth 
Campaign  in  Gaul.  Crosses  the  Rhine,  and  attacks  some 
German  tribes.  First  crosses  to  Britain. 

54.  Fifth  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Invades  Britain  a  second  time. 
Crushes  a  revolt  of  the  Gauls. 

53.  Sixth  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Quells  disturbances  among  the 
Gauls,  and  conducts  a  second  campaign  against  the  German 
tribes  across  the  Rhine. 

52.  Seventh  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Completely  conquers  the  Gauls 
in  their  final  struggle  for  independence  under  Vercingetorix. 

51.  Eighth  Campaign  in  Gaul.  Finishes  its  subjugation  by  con- 
quering some  minor  Gallic  tribes,  and  by  reducing  Aqui- 
tania. 

50.  Spends  the  year  in  Gaul  watching  the  vacillation  of  the  Senate, 
and  the  state  of  politics  in  general  at  Rome. 

49.  Engages  in  civil  war,  from  which  Pompey  flees.  Becomes 
master  of  Italy.  Reduces  Spain  and  Massilia.  Made  Dic- 
tator ;  carries  important  measures ;  elected  Consul  for  the 
ensuing  year. 

48.  Crosses  the  Adriatic ;  wins  the  battle  of  Pharsalia.  Made 
Dictator  the  second  time.  After  the  death  of  Pompey,  car- 
ries on  the  Alexandrine  War,  in  Egypt. 

47.  Finishes  the  Alexandrine  war.  Fights  in  Asia.  Returns  to 
Rome.  Appointed  Dictator  the  third  time. 

46.  Defeats  the  Pompeians  at  Thapsus,  and  thus  becomes  master 
of  the  Roman  world.  Celebrates  four  splendid  triumphs  at 
Rome.  Receives  the  office  of  Dictator  for  ten  years,  with 
various  other  honors.  Carries  important  measures,  and  re- 
forms the  calendar. 

45.  Quells  the  insurrection  in  Spain  by  the  battle  of  Munda. 
Appointed  Dictator  for  life. 

44.   Assassinated,  March  15,  in  the  Senate-house. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  9 

GENERAL  AUTHORITIES   FOR  THE   LIFE   OF 
C^SAR. 

I.   Original   Authorities. 

APPIAN,  Roman  History,  Bk.  IV. 

CAESAR,  Histories  of  the  Gallic  War,  Civil  War,  Alexandrine  War, 
African  War,  and  Spanish  War.  Of  these,  Caesar  was  the  author  of 
only  seven  books  on  the  Gallic  War  and  of  the  books  on  the  Civil 
War.  Aulus  Hirtius  undoubtedly  wrote  the  eighth  book  of  the  De 
Bello  Gallico,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  author  of  the  whole  or  part 
of  the  rest.  Niebuhr  thinks  that  Hirtius  wrote  the  Alexandrine  War ; 
Appius,  the  African  war;  and  some  unknown,  narrow-minded, 
uneducated  chronicler,  the  Spanish  War.  See  Niebuhr's  Lectures 
on  Roman  History,  p.  603 ;  also  Smith's  Dictionary,  under  Ccesar 
and  Hirtius. 

CICERO,  Letters,  in  numerous  places.  For  the  thorough  study  of 
Caesar's  life  from  Cicero's  letters,  an  edition  of  Cicero's  works  with 
a  complete  Index  Verborum  should  be  had,  like  the  Paris  edition  of 
1538-39,  Apud  Rob.  Stephamim,  "  Ex  Petri  Victorii  Codicibus"  etc. 

DION  CASSIUS,  Roman  History,  Bks.  38-40. 

FLORUS,  Epitome  of  Roman  History,  Bk.  III.,  Chap.  10;  Bk.  IV., 
Chap.  2. 

LIVY  (?),  Epitome  of  Roman  History. 

PLUTARCH,  Lives  of  Eminent  Men.  The  best  English  translation 
is  that  of  Clough.  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.,  Boston,  1868.  Vol.  IV., 
p.  256.  (For  Plutarch's  authorities,  see  Peter's  Quellen  Plutarchs 
in  den  Biographien  der  Romer.  Halle,  1865.) 

SALLUST  ( ?),  Two  Epistles  to  Julius  Caesar,  attributed  to  Sallust. 
Also  Caesar's  speech  in  the  Senate  concerning  the  disposition  of  the 
Catilinarian  conspirators,  Chap.  51  of  Sallust's  Catiline. 

SUETONIUS,  Lives  of  the  Caesars. 

VARRO,  Fragments. 

VELLEIUS  PATERCULUS,  Compendium  of  Roman  History,  Bk.  II. 

To  these  authorities  might  be  added  the  LEGES  JULIAE,  in  the 
Corpus  Juris  Civilis.  The  above  original  authorities  are  most 
easily  accessible  in  the  text-editions  of  Teubner,  Leipzig.  In  Bohn's 


10  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

Classical  Library  are  translations  of  Caesar's  complete  works,  real 
and  reputed;  of  Sallust,  Florus,  and  Velleius  Paterculus,  by  J.  S. 
Watson ;  and  of  Suetonius,  by  Thomson,  revised  by  T.  Forester. 
For  additional  editions  and  translations,  see  the  Bibliographical 
Clue  to  Latin  Literature,  edited  (after  Hiibner),  by  J.  E.  B.  Mayor 
(Macmillan)  ;  and  the  Bibliotheca  Scriptorum  Classicorum,  et  Grae- 
corum  et  Latinorum,  Wilhelm  Engelmann.  Leipzig,  Wilhelm  Engel- 
mann,  1882. 

II.    Later  Authorities. 

CELSUS,  De  Vita  et  Rebus  gestis  J.  Ca  saris.     London,  1697. 

CHURCH,  Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero,  p.  150.  Scribner  & 
Welford. 

CREIGHTON,  History  of  Rome,  p.  75.  History  Primers,  Apple- 
ton  &  Co. 

DE  BURY,  Histoire  de  la  Vie  de  Jules  Cesar.     Paris,  1758. 

DELORME;  deutsch  bearbeitet  von  DOEHLER;  Casar  und  seine 
Zeitgenossen.  Leipzig,  1873. 

DE  QUINCEY,  The  Caesars,  Chap.  I.     Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co. 

DRUMANN,  Geschichte  Roms.     Contains  a  fine  biography. 

DURUY,  History  of  Rome. 

FERGUSON,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  p.  101. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  199-212.  Charles  Scribner's 
Sons. 

FROUDE,  Caesar,  A  Sketch.  Harper's  Franklin  Square  Library. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  brilliant  monographs  in  the  English  lan- 
guage ;  by  an  enthusiast,  to  be  sure,  but  nevertheless  presenting  the 
best  picture  of  Caesar's  true  greatness  that  can  be  had.  A  review  of 
Froude's  Caesar  may  be  found  in  the  Edinburgh  Review,  October, 
1879,  pp.  498-523- 

LEIGHTON,  History  of  Rome,  p.  301. 

LIDDELL,  Life  of  Julius  Caesar.     Houghton,  Miffiin,  &  Co. 

LIDDELL,  Student's  History  of  Rome.     Harpers. 

LONG,  Decline  of  the  Roman  Republic. 

LORD,  The  Old  Roman  World,  pp.  46-50.  New  York,  Charles 
Scribner  &  Co.,  1867. 

MEISSNER,  Leben  Caesaris,  continued  by  Haken.  Berlin,  1811. 
In  four  parts. 


OF  COLLE  GE  PREPARA  TOR  Y  LA  TIN.  1 1 

MERIVALE,  History  of  Rome,  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Appleton  &  Co. 
The  Roman  History  which  treats  most  copiously  of  Caesar's  life. 

MERIVALE,  The  Roman  Triumvirates,  especially  Chaps.  IV.  and 
V.  (Epochs  of  Ancient  History.)  Charles  Scribner's  Sons. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  289.  Scribner,  Arm- 
strong, &  Co.  The  most  scholarly  history  of  Rome ;  somewhat 
dogmatic,  no  doubt,  but  worthy  of  the  most  careful  study  and  the 
highest  respect. 

NAPOLEON,  Life  of  Julius  Caesar.  Accessible  in  an  American  edi- 
tion. Harpers.  2  vols. 

NIEBUHR,  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Rome,  p.  603. 

RAWLINSON,  Manual  of  Ancient  History,  pp.  480,  482,  483,  484, 
486,  488-493.  Harpers,  1871. 

SOTL,  C.  Julius  Caesar  aus  der  Quellen.  Berlin,  1826.  A  short 
German  monograph. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  313. 

TROLLOPE,  Ancient  Classics  for  English  Readers,  Caesar.  New 
York,  John  B.  Alden,  1883. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.  Harpers.  2  vols.  Contains 
an  adverse  view  of  Caesar. 

WAGNER,  Anfang,  Fortgang,  Ausbreitung  und  Verfall  des  Welt- 
reiches  der  Romer,  Vol.  II.,  p.  78.  An  elegant  German  work,  yet 
within  the  reach  of  all.  Spamer,  Leipzig,  1882.  2  vols. 

WILLIAMS,  The  Life  of  Julius  Caesar.  Routledge,  London,  1878 
(2d  ed.). 

The  above  makes  no  pretension  to  being  a  complete  list  of  author- 
ities, but  includes  some  of  the  more  valuable  and  easily  accessible. 
To  these  may  be  added  such  lives  as  appear  in  the  editions  of 
Caesar  edited  by  Allen  &  Greenough,  Kelsey,  Harkness,  and  others ; 
the  very  excellent  life  found  in  Smith's  Biographical  Dictionary; 
also  the  articles  on  Caesar  in  the  Encyclopedia  Britannica  and 
Appleton's  New  American  Cyclopedia. 

See  also  Hlibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  iiber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte,  p.  46. 


OF  THF 


12  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


AUTHORITIES    BEARING    ON    SPECIAL    PARTS    OF 
CAESAR'S   LIFE   AND   WORK. 

I.    Gaul. 

Account  of  Belgic  Gaul :  Motley's  Dutch  Republic,  Introduction. 

Character  of  the  Country  when  Caesar  subdued  the  Gauls,  espe- 
cially of  Belgium  :  Motley's  Dutch  Republic,  Vol.  I.,  p.  i. 

Character  of  the  Gauls  and  Germans :  Motley's  Dutch  Republic, 
Vol.  I.,  p.  4. 

General  Character  of  the  Gauls :  Merivale's  History  of  Rome, 
Vol.  I.,  p.  228. 

Political  and  Moral  Characteristics  of  Gaul  in  Caesar's  Time: 
Merivale's  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  218. 

Condition  of  Gaul  at  the  Time  of  Caesar's  First  Campaigns : 
Froude's  Caesar,  pp.  43  and  47  ;  Arnold's  Roman  Provincial  Admin- 
istration, p.  30.  Macmillan. 

Condition  and  Resources  of  Gaul  when  Caesar  was  appointed  to 
the  Province:  Mommsen's  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  259. 

Difficulties  of  Caesar's  Task  in  Gaul:  Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II., 

P-  399- 

Divisions  of  Ancient  Gaul :  Merivale's  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  I., 

p.  212. 

Divisions  of  Gaul :  Froude's  Caesar,  p.  47. 

The  Druids  :  Martin's  History  of  France,  Vol.  I. 

Gaul  and  the  Gauls  in  Most  Ancient  Times :  Guizot's  Popular 
History  of  France,  Vol.  I.  Boston,  Estes  and  Lauriat. 

Geography  of  Gaul :  Tozer's  Classical  Geography  Primer,  pp.  122- 
126.  Appletons. 

Geographic  historique  et  administrative  de  la  Gaule  romaine : 
Desjardins.  3  vols.  Paris,  1876-1885. 

Political  Causes  of  the  Gallic  War:  Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II., 
Chap.  I. 

State  of  Gaul  in  the  Time  of  Caesar,  Geographically,  Politically, 
in  Manners,  in  Institutions :  Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  2. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  13 

Description  of  Britain  in  the  Time  of  Caesar :  Napoleon's  Caesar, 
Vol.  II.,  p.  165.  See  also  Stubbs'  Constitutional  History  of  Eng- 
land, Vol.  I.,  Chaps,  i  and  2. 

Atlas  to  Caesar's  Gallic  Wars,  15  Maps  and  Plans:  W.  Rustow, 
Stuttgart,  1868. 

Fifteen  Maps  and  Plates  to  accompany  Caesar's  Gallic  War :  Von 
Kampen. 

II.  Early   Roman   Operations  in   Gaul, 

How  the  Romans  obtained  Possession  of  their  First  Territory  in 
Gaul :  Guizot's  Popular  History  of  France,  Vol.  I.,  p.  48. 

Formation  of  the  Province  of  Gallia  Transalpina :  Merivale's  His- 
tory of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  195. 

The  Romans  in  Gaul:  Guizot's  History  of  France,  Chap.  3. 

The  Cimbri  and  Teutons  :  Guizot's  France,  p.  53  ;  also  Merivale's 
Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  198. 

The  Suevi  and  Ariovistus :  Merivale's  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  231. 
The  JEdui  and  Sequani :  Merivale's  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  233. 

The  Negotiations  of  Ariovistus  with  Rome:  Merivale's  Rome, 
Vol.  I.,  p.  236. 

III.  Caesar's   Gallic   War   (in  general). 

Appian's  History,  Bk.  IV. 
f     Florus'  Epitome,  Bk.  III.,  Chap.  10. 

Von  Goeler's  Caesar's  Gallischer  Krieg,  etc.     Tubingen,  1884. 

Guizot's  Popular  History  of  France,  Chap.  4. 

Motley's  Dutch  Republic,  Vol.  I.,  p.  n. 

Niebuhr's  History  of  Rome,  Lecture  44. 

De  Saulcy's  Les  Campagnes  de  Jules  Cesar  dans  les  Gaules. 
Paris,  1865.  (See  also  West.  Rev.,  Vol.  XXI.,  pp.  399-417.) 

Velleius  Paterculus'  Compendium,  Chap.  47. 

Jahrbucher  fur  Philologie  und  Padagogik,  Vol.  LXXVIL,  p.  820; 
a  sample  of  German  critical  discussion  on  Caesar. 

Westminster  Review,  Vol.  LXXVIL,  p.  399. 

The  Roman  Triumvirates,  p.  86. 


14  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

IV.     Caesar's   First   Campaign  in   Gaul. 
A.    HELVETIAN  WAR. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  38,  Sec.  31. 
Froude's  Caesar,  p.  48. 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  France,  Vol.  I.,  p.  63. 
Merivale's  Hist  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  237. 
Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  289. 
Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  3 ;  also  a  Recapitulation  of  the 
Campaign  against  the  Helvetii,  Vol.  II.,  p.  402. 
Anthony  Trollope's  Caesar,  p.  32. 

B.    WAR  WITH  ARIOVISTUS. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  38,  Sec.  34. 
Froude's  Caesar,  p.  50. 
Guizot's  Hist,  of  France,  Vol.  I.,  p.  65. 
Meri vale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  254. 
Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  295. 
Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  4;  also  a  Recapitulation  of  the 
Campaign  against  Ariovistus,  Vol.  II.,  p.  405. 
Anthony  Trollope's  Caesar,  p.  35. 

V.  Caesar's   Second  Campaign  in  Gaul. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  i. 

Froude's  Caesar,  p.  51. 

Guizot's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  68. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  267. 

Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  300. 

Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  5. 

VI.  Caesar's  Third   Campaign  in  Gaul. 

Dion  Cassius :  War  with  the  Veneti,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  40 ;  with  the 
Morini  and  Menapii,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  44 ;  with  the  Unelli,  Bk.  39,  Sec. 
45  ;  with  the  Aquitani,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  46. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  289. 

Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  304. 

Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  6. 


. 

OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  15 

VII.     Caesar's   Fourth   Campaign   in   Gaul. 
A.    AGAINST  THE  GERMANS. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  47.  Caesar's  crossing  the  Rhine,  Bk. 
39,  Sec.  49. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  365. 

Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  309. 

Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  7. 

Jahrblicher  fur  Philologie  und  Padagogik,  Vol.  XCVII.,  p.  249, 
Explanation  of  Caesar's  Bridge  across  the  Rhine. 

B.    AGAINST  THE  BRITONS. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  39,  Sec.  50. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  378. 

Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  312. 

Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  7. 

Edinburgh  Review,  Vol.  CLIV.,  p.  37. 

The  Invasion  of  Britain  by  Julius  Caesar.    Thomas  Lewis,  London. 

Caius  Julius  Caesar's  British  Expeditions  from  Boulogne  to  the 
Bay  of  Appledore,  and  subsequent  Formation  geologically  of  Rom- 
ney  Marsh.  Francis  Hobson  Appach,  London. 

VIII.    Later  Campaigns  in  Gaul. 

Dion  Cassius,  Bk.  40. 

Guizot's  Hist,  of  France,  Vol.  I.,  p.  73:  Final  National  Effort 
under  Vercingetorix. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I.,  p.  384,  etc. 
Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  313,  etc. 
Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Chap.  8. 

IX.    Results   of  Caesar's  Campaigns  in  Gaul. 

Result  of  Caesar's  Command  in  Gaul  upon  the  Civil  Wars  that 
followed :  Montesquieu's  Grandeur  and  Decadence  of  the  Romans, 
translated  by  Baker,  p.  216.  Appletons. 

Gaul  under  Roman  Dominion:  Guizot's  Hist,  of  France,  Vol.  I., 
Chap.  5. 


16  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

X.    Roman   Warfare,   as   Seen   in   Caesar's    Campaigns. 

A  Discourse  concerning  the  Roman  Art  of  War,  being  the  First 
Part  of  William  Duncan's  Commentaries  of  Caesar  (London,  1806). 
An  old  work,  containing  chapters  on  the  following  subjects :  The 
Undertaking  and  Declaration  of  War;  The  Manner  of  Levying 
Troops,  and  forming  a  Roman  Army ;  The  Arms  and  Discipline  of 
the  Romans ;  Marches ;  Incampments ;  Battles ;  The  Attack  and 
Defence  of  Places. 

Roman  Method  of  Fighting:  Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  I., 
p.  285. 

Warfare  and  Writing  of  Caesar :  Atlantic  Monthly,  Vol.  XLIV., 
p.  273.  An  excellent  article,  treating  of  Battle  Formations,  Com- 
missariat, etc. 

The  Arms  and  Armour  of  the  Romans :  Arms  and  Armour,  p.  56. 
Charles  Boutell.  Appletons. 

The  Roman  Camp :  The  Old  Roman  World,  p.  64.     John  Lord. 

The  Roman  Legion:  The  Old  Roman  World,  p.  55. 

Character  of  the  Roman  Soldier :  The  Old  Roman  World,  p.  53. 

Caesar's  Lieutenants:  Napoleon's  Caesar,  Vol.  II.,  Appendix  D. 

The  Gauls  and  Romans  compared  from  a  Military  Standpoint: 
Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  VoL  I.,  p.  282. 

Hilfsbuchlein  zu  Caesars  Bellum  Gallicum,  Wagler.     Berlin,  1881. 

Heerwesen  und  Kriegflihrung  Caesars,  Riistow.  Nordhausen, 
1862. 

La  Flotte  de  Cesar,  Jal.     Paris,  1865. 

Caesar's  Bridge  over  the  Rhein,  Cohausen.     Leipzig,  1867. 

See  also  the  excellent  discussion  of  the  above  topics  in  the  edi- 
tions of  Caesar  edited  by  Allen  &  Greenough,  Kelsey,  Kraner,  Wai- 
pole,  and  others.  Also  the  article  on  Romische  Kriegsaltertumer, 
by  Dr.  Hermann  Schiller,  in  Muller's  Handbuch  der  klassischen 
Altertumswissenschaft,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  707,  which  contains  also  a  com- 
plete bibliography  of  the  subject. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  17 


CHARACTER  OF  CAESAR. 
I.    In    General. 

Church's  Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero,  p.  172. 

Froude's  Caesar,  p.  115. 

Lord's  Old  Roman  World,  p.  50. 

Macaulay's  Essays,  Vol.  I.,  p.  255  (Harpers,  1880),  in  the  Essay 
on  Hallam's  Constitutional  Hist,  of  Eng. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  p.  385. 

Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  538. 

Peterson's  Caesar :  A  Dramatic  Study. 

Plutarch's  Life  of  Caesar. 

The  Roman  Triumvirates,  p.  175. 

Seeley's  Roman  Imperialism,  Lecture  I. 

Goldwin  Smith's  Lectures  and  Essays,  p.  286 :  The  Last  Repub- 
licans of  Rome.  N.  Y.,  Macmillan  &  Co.,  1881. 

Teuffel's  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  314. 

Velleius  Paterculus,  Bk.  II.,  Chap.  41. 

Dublin  Review,  Vol.  LXXX.,  p.  127. 

Edinburgh  Review,  October,  1879,  P-  49^  :  a  Review  of  Froude's 
Caesar. 

Monthly  Review,  Vol.  CIL,  p.  405. 

Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  LXXXVIIL,  p.  385. 

II.    In    Particular. 

Activity  of  Caesar:  Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature,  p.  190. 

Care  of  Caesar  for  his  Soldiers :  Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature,  p. 
191. 

Circumstances  of  Caesar  as  affecting  his  Character :  The  Csesars, 
De  Quincey,  p.  44.  Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co. 

Clemency  of  Caesar :  Montesquieu's  Grandeur  and  Decadence  of 
the  Romans,  translated  by  Baker,  p.  220.  Appletons.  Cruttwell's 
Roman  Literature,  p.  189. 


18  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

Connection  of  Caesar  with  the  Conspiracy  of  Catiline :  Sallust's 
Catiline  and  Jugurtha,  translated  by  A.  W.  Pollard,  p.  101.  Mac- 
millan.  Tyrrell's  Correspondence  of  Cicero,  p.  xxiv.  London. 
Beesley's  Catiline,  Clodius,  and  Tiberius,  p.  34.  London,  Chapman 
&  Hall. 

Courtesy  of  Caesar:  The  Caesars,  De  Ouincey,  p.  61. 

Early  Biographers  of  Caesar:  Froude's  Short  Studies  on  Great 
Subjects,  Third  Series,  p.  259.  Scribners. 

The  Early  Career  of  Caesar  not  a  prominent  one :  Beesley's  Cati- 
line, Clodius,  and  Tiberius,  p.  17. 

Munificence  of  Caesar:  The  Caesars,  De  Quincey,  p.  51. 

The  Oratory  of  Caesar :  De  Quincey's  Caesars,  p.  62. 

Personal  Appearance  of  Caesar:  Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature, 
p.  193 ;  De  Quincey's  Caesars,  p.  59. 

The  Likenesses  of  Caesar,  by  John  C.  Ropes.  Scribner's  Maga- 
zine, February,  1887,  p.  131. 

Political  Wisdom  of  Caesar :  Caesar's  speech  in  Chap.  5 1  of  Sal- 
lust's  Catiline. 

Religious  Convictions  of  Caesar :  Froude's  Short  Studies  on  Great 
Subjects,  Third  Series,  p.  262 ;  De  Quincey's  Caesars,  p.  33. 

Statesmanship  of  Caesar:  Rawlinson's  Ancient  History,  p.  491. 
Harpers. 

III.     By   Comparison   with   Other   Great  Men. 

Caesar  and  Alexander:  Schlegel's  Lectures  on  Modern  History, 
Bohn's  Library. 

Caesar  and  Cicero  :  Dublin  University  Review,  Vol.  XCIV.,  p.  202. 

"Cesar  et  Ciceron"  :  Revue  des  Deux  Mondes,  Oct.  i  and  Nov.  i, 
1864. 

Caesar  and  Cromwell:  University  Quarterly,  Vol.  I.,  p.  295. 

Caesar  compared  with  Various  Historical  Characters:  Plutarch's 
Lives. 

The  Captains  of  the  Roman  Republic  as  compared  with  the  Great 
Modern  Strategists :  Chap.  VII.,  Caius  Julius  Caesar,  H.  W.  Herbert. 
Scribners. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  19 


CHARACTER  OF  CESAR'S  WRITINGS. 

Anthony  Trollope's  Caesar,  p.  17. 

Bender's  Roman  Literature,  p.  74.     Ginn  &  Heath. 

Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  364.  Philadelphia,  Blanch- 
ard  &  Lee.  (2d  Eng.  ed.,  1884.) 

Cicero's  Brutus,  71,  72,  75. 

Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature,  p.  188.     Chas.  Scribner's  Sons. 

De  Quincey's  Caesars,  p.  63. 

Froude's  Caesar,  p.  116. 

Lawrence's  Primer  of  Latin  Literature,  p.  52.     Harpers. 

Merivale's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  p.  392. 

Teuffel's  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  317 ;  also  note  5,  p.  319. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Vol.  XLIV.,  p.  273. 

For  Caesar's  literary  merits,  see  C.  E.  Schneider's  article  in  Wach- 
ler's  Philomathian,  I.,  p.  180,  on  Caesar's  Character  as  it  may  be 
traced  in  his  Writings. 

Cczsar^s  Commentaries:  Teuffel's  Roman  Literature,  p.  317; 
Mommsen's  Hist,  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  720;  Simcox's  Latin  Lit- 
erature, Vol.  I.,  p.  204.  London,  1883.  2  vols. 

Ccesar  as  a  Historian :  Lord's  Old  Roman  World,  p.  285  ;  Macau- 
lay's  Essay  on  History,  p.  175  of  Vol.  I.  in  Harper's  1880  edition. 

Ccesar*s  Latinity :  Simcox's  Latin  Literature,  p.  182. 

CcBsar^s^  Style :  "  Warfare  and  Writing  of  Caesar,"  Atlantic  Monthly, 
Vol.  XLIV.,  p.  273;  Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature,  p.  194;  Potts' 
Hints  towards  Latin  Prose  Composition,  p.  125.  Macmillans. 

See  also  Hubner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Rb'mische 
Litteraturgeschichte,  p.  47. 

For  special  dictionaries  to  Caesar,  see  the  Bibliotheca  Classicorum 
Latinorum. 


20  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


TEXT  AND   TEXT-BOOKS. 

For  an  exhaustive  list  of  all  the  texts  and  text-books  of  Caesar  up 
to  its  date,  see  the  Bibliotheca  Scriptorum  Classicorum  et  Graeco- 
rum  et  Latinorum,  Wilhelm  Engelmann.  Leipzig,  Wilhelm  Engel- 
mann,  1882.  See  also  the  list  of  editions  given  in  Kelsey's  Caesar, 
p.  379.  For  the  most  important  ancient  editions,  see  the  article  on 
Caesar  in  Smith's  Dictionary.  See  also  the  Bibliographical  Clue  to 
Latin  Literature,  edited  (after  Hiibr^er)  by  J.  E.  B.  Mayor.  Mac- 
millan.  Also  TeufFel's  Roman  Literature. 

AMONG  THE  MOST  HELPFUL  AND  VALUABLE  ARE  THE 
FOLLOWING  :  — 

NIPPERDEY.     Leipzig,  1847. 

SEYFFERT.     Halle,  1879. 

DOBERENZ'S  Caesar.     Leip^  j,  1882. 

KRANER'S  Caesar,  revised  by  Dittenberger,  with  copious  introduc- 
tory chapters  explanatory  of  all  important  points  concerning  the 
Gallic  wars,  and  a  Geographical  Index.  Berlin,  Weidmann,  1883 
(i3th  ed.). 

WALPOLE'S  Caesar's  Gallic  War,  Bk.  I.,  with  an  introduction  and 
prefatory  chapter  on  the  Roman  army.  Macmillan,  1884.  The 
same  introductory  matter  is  found  in  an  edition  of  Bks.  II.  and  III. 
by  Rutherford.  Henry  Holt. 

MOBERLY'S  Eight  Books  of  Caesar's  Gallic  War.     Macmillan. 

ALLEN  &  GREENOUGH'S  New  Caesar,  with  copious  military  notes 
and  explanations.  Ginn  &  Co.,  1885. 

KELSEY'S  Caesar,  with  colored  plates  illustrative  of  military  opera- 
tions and  weapons,  and  an  introduction.  Boston,  John  Allyn,  1886. 

HARKNESS'  New  Caesar.     Appleton  &  Co. 

BOND  (J.)  and  WALPOLE  (A.  S.),  Caesar's  Commentaries,  with 
introduction,  notes,  and  index,  after  the  German  of  Kraner-Ditten- 
berger.  Macmillan  &  Co.,  1887. 

LONG  (G.),  Bks.  I.-III.  of  the  Gallic  War,  for  the  use  of  junior 
classes,  London,  Whittaker,  1887, 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  21 


TRANSLATIONS  OF  CAESAR. 

CHAPMAN,  London,  1604. 

DUNCAN,  Translation,  with  Discourse  concerning  the  Roman  Art 
of  War.  London,  1753. 

OWGAN  &  BATEMAN,  Gallic  War.     London,  1859,  Simpkin. 

A  literal  translation  is  found  in  Bohn's  Classical  Library,  includ- 
ing the  Alexandrian,  African,  and  Spanish  Wars. 

See  also  the  Bibliotheca  Classicorum  Latinorum. 


J 

COLLATERAL  READINGS. 

A.     Fiction. 

Fragments  of  a  Roman  Tale :  Macaulay's  Essays.  A  fancy  sketch, 
in  Macaulay's  early  characteristic  style.  Kurd  &  Houghton,  1866. 

Becker's  Gallus  presents  an  admirable  view  of  high  life  in  Rome 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Empire. 

/Enone,  a  Tale,  Anonymous. 

B.     Drama. 

ADDISON,  Cato. 

BEAUMONT  AND  FLETCHER,  The  False  One. 
HERBERT  (H.  W.),  The  Roman  Traitor. 
SHAKSPERE,  Julius  Caesar. 


22  HELPS   TO   THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


CHRONOLOGICAL  TABLE   OF  VERGIL'S   LIFE. 

B.C. 

70.    Publius  Vergilius  Maro,  born  at  Andes,  near  Mantua,  Oct.  15. 

55.   Takes  the  Toga  Virilis  at  Cremona. 

53.    Studies  philosophy.   Writes  the  seventh  poem  of  the  Catalepton. 

42.   Eclogues  II.,  III.,  and  V.,  and  perhaps  VII. 

41.  Suffers  by  confiscation  of  his  estate.  Eclogue  IX.,  and  per- 
haps VI. 

40.   Estate  restored  to  him.     Eclogue  IV.,  and  probably  I. 

39.   Eclogue  VIII. 

38.   Meets  Horace. 

37.  Eclogue  X.  Earliest  date  possible  for  the  beginning  of  the 
Georgics. 

29.   Completed  Georgics  read  to  Octavianus  at  Atella.   ^Eneid  begun. 

23.  Recites  some  of  the  ^Eneid  (at  any  rate,  part  of  the  sixth  book) 
to  Augustus  and  Octavia. 

20.   Meets  Augustus  at  Athens. 

19.   Dies  at  Brundisium,  Sept.  22. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  23 


AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE   LIFE  OF  VERGIL. 
I.     Original   Authorities. 

BERNENSIAN  MANUSCRIPT  :  Nettleship's  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil, 
p.  24.  Macmillan  &  Co. 

HIERONYMUS'  translation  of  Eusebius'  Chronicles. 

PHOCAS  :  A  Life  written  in  Hexameter  Verse. 

VALERIUS  PROBUS:  Nettleship's  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil,  p.  7. 

SERVIUS'  Commentaries  have  a  Life  prefixed;  Nettleship's 
Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil,  p.  21. 

SUETONIUS  :  Life  originally  prefixed  to  the  Commentary  by  ^LIUS 
DONATUS,  and  generally  attributed  to  him ;  Nettleship's  Ancient 
Lives  of  Vergil,  p.  8. 

II.    Later  Authorities. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  41. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  238. 

COLLINS,  Vergil  (Ancient  Classics  for  English  Readers),  p.  11. 
Alden,  New  York. 

CRUTTWELL,  History  of  Roman  Literature,  p.  252. 

LAWRENCE,  Primer  of  Latin  Literature,  p.  61. 

NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  21.    Appleton  &  Co. 

NETTLESHIP,  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil,  with  an  Essay  on  the  Poems 
of  Vergil  in  connection  with  his  Life  and  Times,  p.  68.  Macmillan. 

PAPILLON,  Vergil,  Vol.  I.,  p.  xiii. 

SELLAR,  Roman  Poets  of  the  Augustan  Age,  Vergil,  p.  99.  Mac- 
millan. 

SIMCOX,  History  of  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  248.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co.,  London. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  406  and  407,  note. 

WAGNER,  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  p.  231. 

FOR  AUTHORITIES  FOR  — 

VergiVs  Life,  see  Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  20 ;  also  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  98. 
Chronology  of  Life,  Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  104. 
Death  of  Vergil,  Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  74. 

Spelling  of  VergiVs  Name,  Teuffers  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  407. 
See  also  Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  CL,  p.  80. 


24  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


CHARACTER   OF  VERGIL. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  242. 
CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature,  p.  255. 
NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  74. 
SELLAR,  Vergil,  p.  121. 
SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  249. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman   Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  408 ;   personal  appear- 
ance of  Vergil,  note  5 ;  political  views,  p.  410,  note  6. 

The  legends  connected  with  Vergil,  Cruttwell's  Roman  Litera- 
ture, p.  278. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  25 


THE   BUCOLICS. 

BEATTIE,  The  Pastorals  of  Vergil. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  42. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  244. 

NETTLESHIP,  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil,  p.  39.     Macmillan. 

NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  26.    Appleton. 

SELLAR,  Vergil,  p.  130. 

SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  254. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  411. 

S.  V.  COLE,  in  Literary  World,  Vol.  XVI.,  p.  140. 

Order  of  Composition  of  the  Eclogues,  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  133. 

The  Composition  of  the  Eclogues,  Jahrblicher  flir  Philologie  und 
Padagogik,  Vol.  LXXV.,  p.  65. 

Relation  of  Vergil's  Pastorals  to  the  Greek  Pastoral  and  to  The- 
ocritus: Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  152;  TeuffeTs  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I., 
p.  411. 

First  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  247; 
Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  139;  Simcox's  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  255: 
Loss  of  Vergil's  farm. 

Second  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  247; 
Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  133. 

Third  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  247; 
Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  135. 

Fourth  Eclogue :  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  248 ; 
Henley  (S.),  Observations  on  the  Subject  of  the  Fourth  Eclogue, 
the  Allegory  in  the  Third  Georgic,  and  the  Primary  Design  of  the 
^Eneid  of  Vergil,  etc.,  London,  1788;  Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  32; 
Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  144;  Observations  in  illustration  of  Vergil's 
Fourth  Eclogue,  London,  1810;  Simcox,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I., 
p.  257. 

Fifth  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  247; 
Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  29;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  136. 

Sixth  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  250; 
Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  32  ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  142. 


26  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

Seventh  Eclogue:  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  138. 

Eighth  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  247; 
Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  33 ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  148. 

Ninth  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  250; 
Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  31;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  141. 

Tenth  Eclogue:  Browne's  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  250; 
Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  34;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  151.  Compare  Mil- 
ton's Lycidas,  v.  50,  with  v.  9  of  the  Tenth  Eclogue. 

See  also  Hlibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  27 


THE   GEORGICS. 

ADDISON,  Essay  on  the  Georgics. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  43. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  252. 

COLLINS,  Vergil  (Ancient  Classics  for  English  Readers),  p.  28. 

COWLEY,  Essays:  IV.,  Agriculture. 

CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature,  p.  261. 

HENLEY,  Observations  on  the  Subject  of  the  Fourth  Eclogue,  the 
Allegory  in  the  Third  Georgic,  and  the  Primary  Design  of  the 
^Eneid  of  Vergil. 

LAWRENCE,  Primer  of  Latin  Literature,  p.  68. 

NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  36. 

NETTLESHIP,  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil,  p.  51. 

SELLAR,  Vergil,  p.  174. 

SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  251. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  413. 

Jahrbiicher  fur  Philologie  und  Padagogik,  Vol.  CIX.,  p.  570,  on 
the  Composition  of  the  Georgics. 

Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  XXXVIII.,  p.  358. 

Roman  Husbandry,  C.  Daubeny,  Oxford,  1857. 

The  Trees  and  Shrubs  of  the  Ancients,  C.  Daubeny,  1865. 

The  poetical  love  of  nature  as  seen  in  the  Georgics :  Cruttwell's 
Roman  Literature,  p.  263 ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  268. 

Also,  in  Sellar's  Vergil :  Motives  for  writing  the  Georgics,  p.  174; 
their  national,  and  Italian  character,  p.  185;  sources  of  Vergil's 
materials  for  the  Georgics,  p.  190;  relation  of  Lucretius  to  the 
Georgics,  p.  199;  Vergil's  artistic  superiority  to  Lucretius,  p.  243; 
the  larger  episodes  in  the  Georgics,  p.  244;  the  Georgics  as  the 
representative  poem  of  Italy,  p.  261 ;  practical  instruction  in  the 
Georgics,  p.  263;  the  religion  of  the  Georgics,  p.  272;  the  ethics  of 
the  Georgics,  p.  273;  their  artistic  execution,  p.  226. 

See  Hubner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte. 


28  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


THE 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  43. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  256. 

CAUER,  Die  Romische  Aeneassage.    Leipzig,  Teubner,  1886. 

COLLINS,  Vergil,  p.  39. 

CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature :  p.  265,  Vergil's  fitness  for  Epic 
poetry;  p.  266,  his  position  as  an  Epic  poet;  p.  268,  various  views 
of  the  ^Eneid  ;  p.  271,  character  of  the  /Eneid. 

DAVIS  (Dr.  D.  N.),  Carthage  and  her  Remains,  Harpers,  1861 ; 
Vergil's  Anachronism  in  the  Case  of  Dido,  p.  17;  the  story  of 
Elissa  and  Sychaeus,  p.  21. 

DUNLOP,  Roman  Literature. 

HENLEY,  Observations  on  the  Subject  of  the  Fourth  Eclogue,  the 
Allegory  in  the  Third  Georgic,  and  the  Primary  Design  of  the 
^Eneid  of  Vergil. 

HENRY  (Dresden,  1853),  Notes  of  a  Twelve  Years'  Voyage  of 
Discovery  in  the  first  six  books  of  the  ^Eneid. 

KLAUSEN,  ^Eneas  and  the  Penates. 

LORD,  The  Old  Roman  World,  p.  273. 

MORRIS,  The  ^Eneid  of  Vergil. 

NETTLESHIP,  Ancient  Lives  of  Vergil  and  Suggestions  Introduc- 
tory to  the  Study  of  the  ^Eneid,  p.  64.  Oxford,  1875. 

NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  45 ;  source  of  the  story  of  ^neas,  p.  46; 
the  story  of  ^Eneas  as  treated  by  other  Roman  authors,  p.  54;  the 
places  visited  in  ^Eneas'  wanderings,  according  to  Dionysius,  p.  56; 
difficulties  which  Vergil  had  to  contend  with  in  writing  the  ^Eneid, 
p.  60 ;  Vergil's  treatment  of  the  story  of  yEneas,  p.  61 ;  characteris- 
tics of  the  yEneid,  p.  69;  time  of  the  yEneid's  composition,  p.  71. 

SELLAR,  Vergil,  p.  295;  motives  for  writing  the  ^Eneid,  p.  296; 
Greek  source  of  the  story  of  ^Eneas,  p.  301 ;  composite  character  of 
the  ^Eneid,  p.  310;  the  ^Eneid  the  Epic  of  the  Roman  Empire,  p. 
325;  religious  aim  of  the  poem,  p.  336;  the  /Eneid  as  related  to 
the  glorification  of  Augustus,  p.  347;  the  ^Eneid  as  an  epic  of 
human  life,  p.  355 ;  its  narrative  power,  p.  359;  its  mythology,  p.  365; 
deeper  religious  character,  p.  369 ;  state  of  "  Material  Civilization," 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  29 

p.  381 ;  scenes  by  land  and  sea,  p.  386;  pathos,  p.  391 ;  character- 
sketching,  p.  395  ;  Dido's  passion  of  love,  p.  405 ;  oratorical  imagi- 
nation, p.  409;  power  of  description,  p.  410;  imagery,  p.  413; 
rhythm,  p.  418  ;  style  of  the  ^Eneid,  p.  421. 

SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  266. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  415;  origin  of  story,  p. 
417. 

Book     I.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  61 ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  312. 

Book   If.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  63;  Sellar's  .Vergil,  p.  319. 

Book  III.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  58  ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  320. 

Book  IV.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  63  ;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  321. 

Book     V.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  58;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  321. 

Book  VI.     Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  64;  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  322. 

The  Story  of  the  Siege  of  Troy  and  its  Causes,  Troy  (Epochs  of 
History),  p.  I ;  The  Sack  of  Troy,  p.  79. 

"The  Stories  of  the  ^Eneid  and  the  Iliad,"  Church  (A.  J.). 
London,  Seeley. 

Voyage  of  JEneas  from  Troy  to  Italy,  G.  W.  Lemon  (a  tract  by 
Edward  Spelman).  London,  1773. 

The  Pedigree  of  ^Eneas :  Benjamin's  Troy,  p.  I ;  Collins'  Vergil, 
p.  40;  Greenough's  Vergil,  p.  65  (of  the  notes). 

De  quaestione  num  Aeneas  umquam  fuerit  in  Italia  dissertatio, 
Samuel  Bochart.  Hamburg,  1672.  A  curious  little  monograph  in 
Latin. 

Criticisms  on  the  Character  of  ^Eneas :  Collins'  Vergil,  p.  159; 
Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  396;  TeuffePs  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  417, 
note  5. 

The  Roman  Epic  before  the  time  of  Vergil,  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  280. 

Influence  of  the  yEneid  upon  later  poetry,,  ,Collins'  Vergil,  p.  164. 

See  Hlibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte. 


30  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


VERGIL'S   LITERARY   CHARACTERISTICS. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  262. 

CONINGTON,  Vergil. 

DAVIS,  Observations  on  the  Poems  of  Homer  and  Vergil,  out  of 
the  French.  London,  1672. 

HOLDSWORTH,  Remarks  and  Dissertations  on  Vergil.  London, 
1768. 

KENNEDY,  Vergil  (Life  and  Writings). 

MYERS,  Essays  Classical:  Vergil,  p.  106.     Macmillan  &  Co. 

NETTLESHIP,  Vergil,  p.  89. 

PAPILLON,  Vergil,  Vol.  I.,  p.  xxiv. 

PLUSS  (Dr.  Hans  Theodor),  Vergil  und  die  Epische  Kunst. 
Leipzig,  Teubner,  1884. 

SAINTE  BEUVE,  Nouveaux  lundis,  X.     Paris. 

SELLAR,  Vergil,  in  many  places.     Macmillan,  1883. 

SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  268,  272,  and  274. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  419;  note  7,  Vergil's 
Epithets ;  note  8,  his  Metrical  Accuracy. 

WILLIAMS,  Essays,  The  Vergilian  Cosmogony,  1858. 

Fortnightly  Review,  February,  1879. 

Quarterly  Review,  July,  1875. 

Vergil's  Hexameter :  Clough  (J.  W.),  Study  of  the  Hexameter  of 
Vergil ;  Little,  Brown,  &  Co.  Papillon's  Vergil,  p.  liv.  Simcox's 
Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  249. 

Vergil  as  a  Poet  of  Nature,  Nettleship's  Vergil,  p.  99. 

Sea-Descriptions  of  Vergil,  Littell's  Living  Age,  Vol.  CXXIIL, 

P-  434- 

Vergil's  place  in  Roman  Literature,  Sellar's  Vergil,  p.  59. 

Parallelism  in  Vergil's  Poetry,  Cruttwell's  Roman  Literature,  p. 
277. 

The  Poetry  of  the  Augustan  Age,  Sellar's  Vergil ;  Nettleship's 
Vergil,  p.  14. 

Also  in  Nettleship's  Vergil:  Vergil's  Literary  Habits,  p.  76; 
Criticisms  on  Vergil's  Poetry  soon  after  its  Appearance,  p.  77. 


\,t» 

UNI 

OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  31 

Imitations  of  Vergil  in  Other  Latin  Writers,  Cruttwell's  Roman 
Literature,  p.  275. 

Comparisons :  Gladstones  Homer  and  the  Homeric  Age  ;  Sec.  V., 
Homer  and  some  of  his  Successors  in  Epic  Poetry  (especially  Vergil 
and  Tasso).  Eckerfs  Parallel  between  the  Iliad  and  the  yEneid ; 
Munchen,  1829.  Commentary  Mythological,  etc.,  on  Pope's  Homer 
and  Dryden's  ^Eneid  of  Vergil;  London,  1829.  Comparison  be- 
tween the  Games  of  Homer  and  Vergil,  Pope's  Homerus,  Iliad,  v.  5  ; 
1806.  Vergil  and  Tennyson,  Littell's  Living  Age,  Vol.  CXXVIL, 
p.  756: 

See  Hlibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte. 


32  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


EDITIONS  OF  VERGIL. 

BRYCE,  Works  of  Vergil,  from  the  text  of  Heyne  and  Wagner, 
with  English  notes  and  illustrations.  London,  Charles  Griffin  & 
Co.,  1869. 

DELPHIN  Edition.     9  vols.     Valpy,  London. 

FORBIGER,  The  Works  of  Vergil.     3  vols.     Leipzig. 

FRIEZE,  Vergil's  Works,  in  several  editions ;  comprising  eight 
books  of  ^Eneid  and  Bucolics,  or  the  whole  of  the  yEneid,  Bucolics, 
and  Georgics,  or  six  books  of  ^Eneid,  Bucolics,  and  Georgics. 
Appleton  &  Co. 

GREENOUGH,,  Vergil,  six  books  ^Eneid,  and  Bucolics,  with  espe- 
cially prepared  Vocabulary.  Ginn  &  Co.,  Boston. 

GUTHLING  (O.),  Text-edition  of  the  ^Eneid,  Bucolics,  and 
Georgics.  2  vols.  Teubner,  1886. 

LEMAIRE  (after  Heyne),  in  Bibliotheca  Classica  Latina.  9  vols. 
A  magnificent  and  complete  edition.  Paris,  1819. 

PAPILLON  (T.  L.),  The  Complete  Works  of  Vergil,  with  an  intro- 
duction and  notes.  2  vols.  Oxford,  Clarendon  Press. 

SEARING  and  JOHNSON,  Six  books  of  the  y£neid  edited  by  Edward 
Searing,  and  the  Bucolics  and  Georgics,  by  Henry  Clark  Johnson. 
New  York,  A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co. 

SIDGWICK  (A.),  The  Georgics,  Bks.  III.  and  IV.  Cambridge, 
1887. 

SIDGWICK  (A.),  First  book  of  the  ^Eneid,  with  English  notes. 
Pitt  Press  Series,  Cambridge. 

SKRINE  (J.  H.),  The  Second  Georgic.  Elementary  Classic  Series, 
Macmillan  &  Co. 

The  editions  of  Vergil  are  numerous ;  see  TeuffePs  Roman  Lit- 
erature (1882  ed.),  Hiibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die 
Rb'mische  Litteraturgeschichte,  and  the  Bibliotheca  Classicorum 
Latinorum* 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  33 


TRANSLATIONS   OF  VERGIL. 

ADDISON,  Part  of  the  Fourth  Georgia  (in  Addison's  Complete 
Works). 

BLACKMORE,  The  Georgics.     London,  Low,  1871. 

BOWEN  (Sir  Charles),  Vergil  in  English  Verse,  the  Bucolics  and 
^Eneid,  Bks.  I. -VI.  London,  John  Murray,  1887. 

CONINGTON,  /Eneid  in  English  verse.     London,  1886. 

CRANCH,  /Eneid  in  blank  verse.     Boston,  1873. 

DAVIDSON  (revised  by  J.  A.  Buckley).     New  York,  1864. 

DOUGLAS  (Bishop  Gawain),  the  first  translation,  by  a  Scotchman. 

DRYDEN,  Vergil's  Works.     London,  1772. 

KENNEDY,  Works  trans,  in  blank  verse.     London,  1849. 

LONSDALE  (James)  and  LEE  (Samuel),  trans,  into  English  prose, 
with  introduction  and  running  analysis.  Globe  edition,  Macmillan 
&Co. 

MACKAIL,  ^neid  translated  into  English  prose.    Macmillan  &  Co. 

MILLINGTON,  Eclogues  trans,  into  rhythmic  prose.  Longmans, 
London,  1870. 

MORRIS  (William),  The  ^Eneid.     Boston,  1876. 

PHAER  (Thomas),  the  second  trans,  of  Vergil  into  English,  made 
by  a  Welsh  physician,  1558. 

PITT  (C.)  and  WARTON  (J.).     London,  1763. 

PRESTON  (Harriet  Waters),  The  Georgics  of  Vergil  trans,  into 
English  verse.  James  R.  Osgood  &  Co.,  Boston,  1881. 

SHELLEY,  Fragments  of  the  Tenth  Eclogue,  including  vv.  1-26 
(found  in  Shelley's  Complete  Works). 

STANYHURST  (Richard),  comic  version. 

THORNTON  (R.  J.),  Imitations  of  Vergil's  Pastorals.  London, 
1821. 

TRAPP  (Joseph),  ^Eneid  trans,  into  blank  verse,  with  notes,  etc. 
London,  1731. 

WRANGHAM  (Eclogues),  SOTHEBY  (Georgics)  and  DRYDEN 
(^neid).  New  York,  Harpers,  1834  (2  vols.), 

See  also  Bibliotheca  Scriptorum  Latinorum,  Engelmann.  Also 
Collins1  Vergil,  p.  8,  and  Mackail's  trans,  of  Vergil's  /Eneid,  Satur- 
day Review,  Vol.  LIX.,  p.  247. 


34  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


CHRONOLOGY  OF   CICERO'S   LIFE. 

B.C. 

106.  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero  born  at  Arpinum,  Jan.  3. 

91.  Assumed  the  Toga  Virilis. 

89.  Served  a  campaign  in  the  Social  War. 

81.  Delivered  his  first  extant  speech,  the  Defence  of  Quinctius. 

80.  First  speech  in  a  criminal  trial,  the  Defence  of  Roscius. 

79.  Went  to  Greece  to  study  Philosophy  and  Rhetoric. 

77.  Returned  to  Rome. 

76.  Elected  Quaestor. 

75.  Served  his  Quaestorship  in  Sicily. 

70.  Conducted  the  impeachment  of  Verres. 

69.  ^dile. 

66.  Praetor.     Oration  for  the  Manilian  Law. 

63.  Consul.     Orations  against  Catiline. 

62.  Oration  for  Archias. 

58.  Went  into  exile. 

57.  Recalled  from  exile. 

53.  Made  Augur. 

51.  Proconsul  in  the  province  of  Cilicia. 

50.  Returned  to  Italy. 

49.  Went  over  to  Pompey,  into  Greece. 

48.  Returned  to  Italy. 

47.  In  Rome. 

46.  Divorced   his   wife   Terentia,    to   marry   Publilia   soon   after. 

Orations  for  Marcellus  and  Ligarius. 

45.  Lost  his  daughter  Tullia. 

44.  Began  to  deliver  the  Philippics. 

43.  Finished  the  Philippics.     Murdered,  near  Formiae,  Dec.  7. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  35 


GENERAL  AUTHORITIES  FOR  THE   LIFE   OF 
CICERO. 

I.   Original  Authorities. 

APPIAN,  Roman  History,  Bks.  XII.  and  XIV. 

CESAR,  Histories. 

CICERO,  Letters  and  Orations. 

DION  CASSIUS,  Roman  History,  Bks.  XXXVI.  and  XXXVII. 

FLORUS,  Epitome  of  Roman  History,  Bks.  III.  and  IV. 

PLUTARCH,  Life  of  Cicero  and  Life  of  Pompey. 

SALLUST,  Catiline. 

SUETONIUS,  Lives  of  the  Caesars. 

VELLEIUS  PATERCULUS,  Compendium  of  Roman  History,  Bk.  II. 

II.   Later  Authorities. 

ABEKEN,  Life  and  Letters  of  Cicero,  translated  by  Merivale. 
London,  1854. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  59. 

BOISSIER,  Ciciron  et  ses  Amis.     Paris,  1865. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  322. 

BRUCKNER,  Life  of  Cicero.     Gottingen,  1852. 

CHURCH,  Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero.  Scribner  &  Wei- 
ford. 

COLLINS,  Cicero  (Ancient  Classics  for  English  Readers).  Alden, 
1883. 

CONYER,  Middleton's  Life  of  Cicero.  2  vols.  London,  1823. 
(Latest  edition  of  Middleton's  Life  of  Cicero,  in  connection  with 
the  letters  to  his  friends,  translated  by  W.  Melmoth,  and  the  letters 
to  Atticus  translated  by  Dr.  Heberdeen.  Edinburgh,  1887.) 

CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature,  p.  158. 

DRUM  ANN,  History  of  Rome. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero.     Scribners.     2  vols.  in  one. 

FROUDE,  Caesar. 


36  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

JEANS  (Rev.  G.  E.),  Life  and  Letters  of  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero,  a 
new  translation  of  the  same  letters  contained  in  Watson's  Select 
Letters  of  Cicero,  arranged  chronologically,  so  as  to  give  a  running 
commentary  on  some  of  the  principal  events  of  his  life.  Macmillan 
&Co. 

LEIGHTON,  History  of  Rome. 

LIDDELL,  History  of  Rome. 

MERIVALE,  History  of  the  Romans. 

MERIVALE,  The  Roman  Triumvirates. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV. 

SIMCOX,  Latin  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  141. 

TEUFFEL,  Studien  und  Characteristiken,  etc.,  p.  289.  Teubner, 
1871. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero.     2  vols.     Harper  and  Bros.,  1881. 

WATSON,  Select  Letters  of  Cicero,  Oxford  ;  principal  events  in  the 
life  of  Cicero,  p.  XXIX. ;  chronology  of  Cicero's  life,  p.  XXXII. ; 
state  of  the  Roman  Empire  when  Cicero  entered  upon  public  life, 
p  124.  See  also  the  introductions  to  Parts  I.  and  II.;  the  meaning 
of  the  words  Colonia,  Municipium,  and  Praefectura,  p.  607 ;  Opti- 
mates,  p.  118;  Prowncia,  p.  118;  Roman  letters  and  means  of 
correspondence,  p.  119;  chronological  list  of  Cicero's  writings, 
p.  XXIV. 

See  also  TeufFel's  Roman  Literature,  and  Hubner's  Grundriss  zu 
Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische  Litteraturgeschichte. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  37 


CHARACTER   OF   CICERO. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  70. 

BOISSIER,  Ciceron  et  ses  Amis,  Paris.  Also  in  Revue  des  Deux 
Mondes,  Oct.  i  and  Nov.  i,  1864;  Cesar  et  Ciceron. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  330. 

COLERIDGE,  Historical  Essays,  II. 

COLLINS,  Cicero,  p.  78;  Religion,  p.  165. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  II.,  p.  319. 

FROUDE,  Caesar,  Chap.  27;  p.  113  of  Franklin  Square  Edition. 

DE  LAMARTINE  (A.),  Memoirs  of  Celebrated  Characters,  Vol.  I. 
New  York,  1856. 

LAWRENCE,  Primer  of  Latin  Literature,  p.  54. 

MERIVALE,  History  of  the  Romans,  Vol.  III.,  p.  148;  also  Vol. 
II.,  p.  415. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  724. 

NEWMAN  (J.  H.),  Historical  Sketches,  II. 

POLLARD,  Sallusfs  Catiline  and  Jugurtha;  p.  85,  Cicero's  Consistency. 

POTTS,  Hints  towards  Latin  Composition,  p.  14. 

DE  QUINCEY,  Essays,  p.  257.     Houghton,  Mifflin,  &  Co. 

SIMCOX,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  L,  pp.  138  and  161. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  L,  p.  261. 

TEUFFEL,  Studien  und  Charakteristiken :  personal  character,  p. 
338  ;  character  as  a  statesman,  p.  341. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero. 

WAGNER,  Rome,  Vol.  II.,  p.  133. 

Atlantic  Monthly,  Vol.  L.,  p.  697 :  Recent  Memoirs  of  Cicero,  a 
comparison  of  Froude's  Caesar,  Trollope's  Cicero,  and  Boissier's 
Ciceron  et  ses  Amis. 

Blackwood"1  s  Magazine,  Vol.  LIL,  p.  i. 

Dublin  University  Review,  Vol.  XCIV.,  p.  202  :  Cicero  and  Caesar. 

Edinburgh  Review,  October,  1879  :  Article  on  Froude's  Caesar. 

Fortnightly  Review,  Vol.  XXVII.,  p.  495:  Cicero  as  a  Politician. 

London  Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  355  :  Cicero  and  his 
Contemporaries. 

North  American  Review,  Vol.  XLVL,  p.  20. 

Quarterly  Review,  October,  1880. 

X<TBRA? 
i          or 

{  TTNTVEBSITY 


38  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


ORATIONS   AGAINST   CATILINE. 
I.    Original  Authorities. 

APPIAN,  Bk.  XIV. 

CICERO,  In  Cat. ;  Pro  Coelio,  Chap.  56. 

DION  CASSIUS,  Bk.  XXXVII. ,  Sec.  29. 

FLORUS,  Bk.  IV.,  Chap.  i. 

LIVY,  Epitome,  102. 

PLUTARCH,  Life  of  Cicero. 

SALLUST,  Catiline. 

VELLEIUS  PATERCULUS,  Bk.  II.,  Chap.  34. 

II.    Later  Authorities. 

BEESLY,  Catiline,  Clodius,  and  Tiberius ;  London,  Chapman  & 
Hall :  Chronological  table  of  the  events  in  Catiline's  public  career ; 
p.  4,  cause  of  the  political  revolution;  p.  9,  earlier  leaders;  p.  19, 
Catiline's  family;  p.  20,  defence  of  Catiline  against  some  of  the 
most  terrible  charges;  p.  23,  Cicero's  consistency  concerning  Cati- 
line; p.  24,  story  of  Catiline's  public  life;  p.  31,  first  Catiline  ora- 
tion; p.  33,  the  Allobroges  and  Lentulus;  p.  34,  legality  of  the 
execution  of  the  conspirators ;  p.  34,  Caesar's  connection  with  the 
conspiracy;  p.  34,  Catiline's  fate;  p.  35,  comparison  of  Cicero  and 
Catiline. 

BROWNE,  Roman  Classical  Literature,  p.  325. 

CHURCH,  Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero,  p.  129. 

COLLINS,  Cicero,  p.  27. 

CREIGHTON,  Primer  of  Roman  History,  p.  73. 

DYER,  City  of  Rome,  p.  159.     London,  Geo.  Bell. 

ELIOT,  History  of  Liberty,  Vol.  II.,  Bk.  IV.,  Chap,  n:  Cicero 
against  Catiline. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  p.  131";  first  oration,  p.  132; 
second,  p.  138;  third,  p.  144;  fourth,  p.  147. 

FROUDE,  Caesar,  Chap.  n. 

HAGEN,  Catiline,  An  Historical  Investigation.    Kb'nigsberg,  1854. 

LEIGHTON,  History  of  Rome,  p.  285. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN..,  39 

LIDDELL,  History  of  Rome,  p.  641. 

LIDDELL,  Julius  Caesar,  p.  33. 

MERIVALE,  History  of  the  Romans,  Vol.  I.,  p.  114. 

MERIVALE,  The  Roman  Triumvirates,  p.  46. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  203. 

NAPOLEON,  Caesar  (Harpers,  2  vols.) :  Conspiracies  against  the 
Senate,  Vol.  I.,  p.  340;  Cicero  and  Antonius  Consuls,  p,  345 ;  Cati- 
line's Conspiracy,  p.  357;  Error  of  Cicero,  p.  379. 

NIEBUHR,  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Rome,  Lecture  41,  Cicero 
and  Catiline. 

POLLARD,  Translation  of  Sallust's  Catiline  and  Jugurtha;  Mac- 
millan:  Introduction  to  Catiline's  Conspiracy,  p.  xv.;  character  of 
Catiline,  p.  65 ;  character  of  his  associates,  p.  68 ;  charges  against 
Catiline  considered,  p.  69 ;  conspiracy  of  B.C.  65,  p.  75  ;  character 
of  Caius  Antonius,  p.  82 ;  Cicero's  Consistency,  p.  85  ;  Cicero's  first 
and  second  speeches  and  their  object,  p.  89;  Caesar's  connection 
with  the  conspiracy,  p.  101 ;  those  who  spoke  in  favor  of  death, 
p.  1 06;  Caesar's  proposal,  p.  no. 

SHUMWAY,  A  Day  in  Ancient  Rome,  p.  27. 

SIMCOX,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  138. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  271. 

TEUFFEL,  Studien  und  Charakteristiken,  p.  304. 

TYRRELL,  Correspondence  of  Cicero ;  London :  the  question  of 
Cicero's  defence  of  Catiline,  Vol.  I.,  p.  xvi. ;  character  and  place 
of  Catiline,  p.  xxii. ;  Caesar's  connection  with  the  conspiracy,  p. 
xxiv. ;  Cicero's  motives  and  honesty  as  a  politician,  p.  xxxiv. ; 
Cicero's  private  life,  p.  xxxviii. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  p.  205. 

WAGNER,  Rom,  Vol.  II.,  p.  72. 

WATSON,  Cicero's  Letters,  p.  129,  the  legality  of  the  execution  of 
Lentulus  and  his  accomplices. 

WILKINS  (A.  S.),  Introduction  in  the  edition  of  Catiline  orations 
published  by  Macmillan. 

Jahrbiicher  fiir  Philologie  und  Padagogik:  Vol.  LXXXL,  p.  780, 
and  Vol.  XXVI.,  p.  327,  the  authenticity  of  the  orations  against 
Catiline. 

For  further  authorities,  see  the  preface  of  Ernst  von  Stern's 
"  Catilina  und  die  Parteikampf  in  Rom  der  Jahre  66-63."  Dorpat, 
1883. 


40  HELPS    TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 

THE   MANILIAN    LAW. 
I.    Original  Authorities. 

APPIAN,  Bk.  XII.,  Sec.  95. 

DION  CASSIUS,  Bk.  XXXVI.:  Sec.  20,  Piratic  war;  Sec.  45, 
Mithridatic  war. 

FLORUS,  Bk.  III. :  Chap.  6,  Piratic  war;  Chap.  5,  Mithridatic  war. 

PLUTARCH,  Life  of  Cicero  ;  Life  of  Pompey. 

VELLEIUS  PATERCULUS,  Bk.  II.  :  Chap.  29,  character  of  Pompey ; 
Chap.  31,  the  Gabinian  Law;  Chap.  33,  Manilian  Law;  Chap.  37, 
Pompey 's  military  operations. 

II.    Later  Authorities. 

CHURCH,  Roman  Life  in  the  Days  of  Cicero,  p.  186. 

CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature,  p.  163. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  p.  100. 

FROUDE,  Caesar,  Chap.  10. 

LEIGHTON,  History  of  Rome,  p.  280. 

LIDDELL,  History  of  Rome,  p.  635. 

MERIVALE,  History  of  the  Romans,  Vol.  I.,  p.  42. 

MERIVALE,  Roman  Triumvirates,  p.  31. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.:  Gabinian  Law,  p.  130; 
Manilian  Law,  p.  138. 

MONTESQUIEU,  Grandeur  and  Decadence  of  the  Romans  (trans- 
lated by  Baker;  Appleton  &  Co.) :  p.  155,  Mithridates  and  his  wars ; 
see  also  p.  60. 

NAPOLEON,  Caesar  (Harpers,  2  vols.):  The  Gabinian  Law,  Vol.  I., 
p.  327 ;  Manilian  Law,  p.  330. 

NIEBUHR,  Lectures  on  the  History  of  Rome  :  Lecture  40,  Pompey 
and  Mithridates. 

SIMCOX,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  148. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  269. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  p.  176. 

WAGNER,  Rom,  Vol.  II.,  p.  66. 

WATSON.  Cicero's  Letters  :  p.  127,  Pompey's  Campaigns  in  the  East. 

WILKINS  (A.  S.),  Introduction  in  the  Edition  of  the  Manilian 
Law,  published  by  Macmillan  &  Co. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  41 


CICERO'S   STYLE. 

BENDER,  Roman  Literature,  p.  62. 

CADENBACH,  de  Cicerone  orator e.     Essen,  1847. 

COLLINS,  Cicero,  p.  82. 

CRUTTWELL,  Roman  Literature,  p.  169. 

FORSYTH,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  II.,  p.  326. 

HAND,  F.,  in  Ersch  and  Gruber's  Enc.,  I.,  17,  p.  241. 

LAWRENCE,  Primer  of  Latin  Literature,  p.  57. 

LORD,  Old  Roman  World,  p.  297. 

MOMMSEN,  History  of  Rome,  Vol.  IV.,  p.  726. 

POTTS,  Hints  towards  Latin  Composition,  p.  13  (Cicero's  style, 
and  aims  and  influence  in  writing). 

SIMCOX,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  p.  162;  his  pre-eminence  in 
Latin  prose,  p.  137. 

STAEL,  MADAME  DE,  De  la  Litte'rature  Latine. 

TEUFFEL,  Roman  Literature,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  263  and  265 ;  for  Litera- 
ture on  Cicero,  see  note  5,  p.  264. 

TROLLOPE,  Life  of  Cicero,  Vol.  I.,  pp.  94  and  137. 

Blackivood^s  Magazine,  Vol.  LI  I.,  p.  I. 

London  Quarterly  Review,  Vol.  VIII.,  p.  355:  Cicero  and  his 
Contemporaries. 

Monthly  Review,  Vol.  CXLIX.,  p.  68 :  Cicero  as  an  Orator. 

North  American  Review ',  Vol.  XL VI.,  p.  20. 

See  also  Hubner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die  Romische 
Litteraturgeschichte. 


42  HELPS   TO    THE  INTELLIGENT  STUDY 


EDITIONS   OF   CICERO. 

ALLEN  &  GREENOUGH,  New  Cicero.    Boston,  Ginn  £  Co.,  1886. 

DELPHIN  Edition.     12  vols.     London,  Valpy. 

HALM,  Select  Orations,  7  vols;  Vol.  III.,  Against  Catiline,  and 
for  Archias ;  Vol.  V.,  For  Ligarius,  and  for  Deiotarus.  Berlin,  Weid- 
mann. 

KLOTZ  (R.),  Twenty-one  Select  Orations  of  Cicero.  2  vols. 
(text  edition).  Teubner,  Leipzig. 

LEARY  (T.  H.  Lindsay),  Orations  against  Catiline  and  against 
Verres,  and  in  defence  of  Archias,  with  introduction,  analysis,  and 
notes.  Lockwood,  London,  1878. 

LEMAIRE  (after  Le  Clerc),  Bibliotheca  Classica  Latina. 

LONG  (Geo.),  Cicero's  Orations,  with  a  Commentary.  4  vols. 
London  (2d  ed.),  1862,  Whittaker  &  Co. 

NASH  (Thomas),  The  Oration  for  the  Manilian  Law,  with  intro- 
duction, notes,  etc.  Longmans,  London,  1874. 

NOHL,  Orations  for  Manilian  Law  and  against  Catiline,  in  Vol. 
III.  of  Select  Orations.  Leipzig,  Freytag,  1886. 

ORELLI,  The  best  edition  of  the  complete  works.     Zurich,  1826- 

1837- 

REID  (J.  S.),  Oration  for  the  Poet  Archias.  Pitt  Press  Series, 
Cambridge. 

RICHTER  and  EBERHARD,  The  orations  for  Marcellus,  Ligarius, 
and  King  Deiotarus,  with  German  notes.  Teubner,  3d  ed.,  1886. 

WILKINS  (A.  S.),  The  Orations  of  Cicero  against  Catiline,  with 
notes  and  an  introduction,  translated  from  Karl  Halm.  London, 
Macmillan  &  Co. 

WILKINS  (A.  S.),  Oration  for  the  Manilian  Law,  with  an  intro- 
duction and  notes,  edited  after  Karl  Halm.  London,  Macmillan 
£Co. 

See  also  the  Bibliotheca  Classicorum  Romanorum,  TeuffePs  Ro- 
man Literature,  and  Hiibner's  Grundriss  zu  Vorlesungen  liber  die 
Romische  Litteraturgeschichte. 


OF  COLLEGE  PREPARATORY  LATIN.  43 


TRANSLATIONS   OF   CICERO. 

DUNCAN,  Orations.     New  York,  1833. 

GREEN  (W.  C.),  Orations  against  Catiline.     Cambridge,  1876. 
GUTHRIE.     London,  1758. 

YONGE  (C.  D.),  Select  Orations  of  Cicero.     Harpers1  Classical 
Library. 

See  also  the  Bibliotheca  Classicorum  Latinorum. 


COLLATERAL  READINGS  TO  CICERO. 

BEAUMONT  and  FLETCHER,  The  False  One  (Caesar). 
CROLY,  Catiline. 
DRYDEN,  All  for  Love. 
HERBERT  (H.  W.),  The  Roman  Traitor. 
JONSON  (Ben),  Catiline. 

LANDOR,  Imaginary  Conversation  between  Cicero  and  his  brother 
Quinctus. 
READE  (J.  E.),  Catiline. 


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